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Do I understand correctly that in #WordPress plugins and themes do not have access to the internal structure of a post? Like its images or other blocks made with the block editor? It outputs html no matter what?
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Apparently yes. It seems that whatever you edit is stored in the database as the resultant html. Even wordpress's own code to handle image sizes does a regular expression to find the img tag. I would at least have expected the individual blocks to be stored separately.