Oh no help I downloaded Turbo C and I think I might start writing a DOS game aaaah https://mastodon.social/media/s3HaS-EB22oUvhgGdhc https://mastodon.social/media/e10RH5rx_zT5f_GoR1A https://mastodon.social/media/1uDvzJ1N3C7WmpoJhcU

I have successfully used a far pointer

Hello, old friend, today you're going to teach me how to hook the keyboard interrupt again https://mastodon.social/media/q_jH0jjh9xYy3GlHgKs

I wonder when I became the kind of person for whom Michael Abrash's Graphics Programming Black Book became exciting and fun to read, instead of being daunting and terrifying

I have successfully loaded tiles from a TIF file that I drew in NeoPaint, converted them internally into EGA planar format, and drawn them to the screen. https://mastodon.social/media/Yg3wSvnVGXp8Foz1Te4

Just implemented page flipping, as a prelude to maybe implementing smooth scrolling.
It’s pretty amazing how little code this is? Like once you have a grasp on how EGA memory is laid out and you’ve got Michael Abrash telling you which registers you can poke to do neat stuff, it’s not complicated? This shit DESTROYED me as a teenager though, I never got ANY of it working outside the basic mode 13h linear framebuffer

Like I was convinced Mode X was black undocumented voodoo magic, instead of just, like, bankswitching? I had no concept that mode 13h was just throwing away 192kb of video memory because I had no concept of how RAM worked at all, really

I assumed interfacing with hardware was hard, when what was actually going on was that debugging was hard, and programs I wrote on my own without copying directly from tutorials were buggy

It’s really astonishing to me how different the experience of programming a 286 is compared to what I do at my job, how starkly the priorities are different
At my job, I make sure the code I write is flexible and correct. I build safeguards to ensure bad things will not happen when someone makes a change or grows the system
For this project, I put together a pile of purpose-built subroutines and macros, kept simple enough that I could delete and rewrite any of them a dozen different ways

Mouse support is trickier than I expected! It would be easy if I just polled the state every frame but I decided to try to install a callback. I think I need to set the DS register at the start of the callback in order to access my data - I’m scribbling over something important and the computer hangs. But how do I know the value I should set it to? Is it even possible to do this in the small memory model? Argh

Got it! I looked at the generated ASM and figured out that DS was being ASSUMEd to a symbol called “DGROUP”; so I just explicitly set DS to that at the start of the callback and no more crashy!
I am definitely doing something to confuse CuteMouse’s cursor-drawing routine though... probably it assumes I have writing to all four planes enabled https://mastodon.social/media/uax66anGIreYRARWjGs

Well, definitely that, but it also plays _very_ badly with my page flipping implementation - you can see it writing into video memory when I’m flipped to the second page! sooo I guess I’ll be drawing my own damn mouse cursor https://mastodon.social/media/QGLwPAjaEOSkSqTnnq4

I’ve been pondering scrolling for a few days, and whether I could figure out how to write a huge smooth-scrolling playfield or whether I’d just flip from one screen to the next. This evening it occurred to me that surely at some point the Commander Keen source code must’ve been released and I could just see how they handled scrolling. And indeed Keen Dreams is GPLed! https://github.com/keendreams/keen

Hmmmm this is... a little overwhelming. Lots of extra stuff that makes me wonder if I’m missing something important. Gotta keep in mind that it’s an entire game, after many rounds of optimization, instead of a week’s worth of occasional hacking, and my slower, dumber code can still lead to an outcome I’m happy with.

Ok, here’s what I definitely do understand:
Keen has two “pages” of video memory that it flips between. Each page represents an image slightly larger than the screen that it can smoothly pan around in. We’re talking, like, 16 pixels wider.

Keen keeps track of which 16x16 tiles are dirty via a dirt-simple byte array where they mark each tile position 1 or 0 - because only 21x15 tiles are onscreen, this only costs a few hundred bytes and is a huge optimization. I’ll probably steal this idea. (Extremely common retroprogramming pattern that has basically disappeared from modern computing: knowing there are, at most, N of something, where N is small.)

The tiles are redrawn by copying from what the code refers to as the “master screen”, which is an area of video memory after the two pages.
I don’t know how this memory is structured, but I don’t really need to - because of the page sizes, I know that a full redraw into a page MUST happen regularly without slowing everything down. So as long as the tiles live in video memory and I have a reasonably efficient copy loop I should be fine.

This morning an old Michael Abrash article taught me exactly how to trivially speed up my current tile drawing routine 4x by caching tiles in video memory so this makes sense to me.