Mon, 01 Dec 2025 03:38:29 +0000

A full-featured 2D NOR flash memory chip was built using ATOM2CHIP technology, integrating 2D flash modules with CMOS via a full-stack process and cross-platform system design. The chip achieves 94.34% yield, 20 ns speed, 0.644 pJ/bit energy use, 32-bit parallelism, and random access with instruction-driven control. This scalable platform bridges the gap from atomic device concepts to real-world 2D-CMOS systems—paving the way for practical 2D electronics.