Wed, 26 Nov 2025 06:00:04 +0000

Triple-junction perovskite–perovskite–silicon solar cells reach new heights with rubidium doping, piperazinium chloride surface treatment, and optimized Au nanoparticle contacts. A 1 cm² cell achieved 27.06% PCE, while a 16 cm² device reached 23.3%, both with excellent stability and IEC certification. This scalable, durable architecture marks a key advance toward commercial high-efficiency, large-area perovskite solar photovoltaics.