Social Security History: In the Beginning - Chapter One Economic Conditions

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The accompanying video is narrated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and gives an overview of the economic conditions existing prior to the enactment of the social Security Act, August 14, 1935.

FDR begins:

“Long before the economic blight of the depression descended on the nation, millions of our people were living in wastelands of want and fear. Long before 1929, men and women, too old and infirm to work either depended on those who had but little to share, or spent their remaining years within the walls of a poorhouse.” - FDR’s radio address on 3rd anniversary of Social Security Act, August 15, 1938. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/collections/utterancesfdr.html

The video quotes extensively from SSA Historian, Dr. Abe Bortz’s Lecture on the History of Social Security (https://www.ssa.gov/history/bortz.html), including:
“...extraordinary economic and social problems for 20th century Americans.

I hope you find this interesting.

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC

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4/14/1948 President Truman’s veto of H.R. 5052 was overridden in the House of Representatives. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v11n7/v11n7p3.pdf

4/14/1992 The United States Government and the government of Ireland reach an Administrative Arrangement for the Implementation of the Agreement on Social Security. https://www.ssa.gov/international/Agreement_Texts/irish.html

4/14/1996 As required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) (Public Law 104-191), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) adopted the “Privacy Rule”). https://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/hallex/TS/tsi-2-49.htm
HHS Summary of the HIPAA Privacy Rule https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/laws-regulations/index.html
SSA's HIPAA Programs https://www.ssa.gov/disability/professionals/hipaa-cefactsheet.htm

4/14/1996 Memorandum from Jack S. Futterman, Assistant Commissioner, Office of Administration to Mr. Robert M. Bal. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/lbjexternal6.html

4/14/2021 In response to the Covid pandemic, SSA began allowing individuals to fax applications, a practice not previously allowed.
More: Electronic Records Express https://www.ssa.gov/ere/

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC 

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4/13/1944 Elizabeth A. Mulholland assumed the position of Personnel Director of the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance. In 1944, during the height of World War II, the Social Security Administration (SSA) employed approximately 20,000 people. As of September 30, 2023, the Agency has grown to employ 60,733.
More: https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2024/index.html

4/13/1948 Workmen's compensation legislation became applicable nationwide, with Mississippi's enactment of such a law.
More: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1888620/

4/13/1949 The New York Disability Benefits Law was enacted with benefit payments effective on July 1, 1950.
More: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4950&context=lawreview

4/13/1995 President Clinton appointed the Commissioner of Social Security to be a member of his Domestic Policy Council.

4/13/2018 The President signed H.R. 4547, The Strengthening Protections for Social Security Beneficiaries Act of 2018 into law. https://www.ssa.gov/legislation/legis_bulletin_042418.html

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC 

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4/12/1937 The Wagner Labor Act was declared constitutional by the Supreme Court.
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/national-labor-relations-act

4/12/1942 An agreement became effective between the United States and Canada for coordinating and integrating the unemployment insurance. https://maint.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-ca-ust000006-0257.pdf

4/12/1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt passed away on April 12, 1945.
More at Roosevelt House Hunter College:https://www.roosevelthouse.hunter.cuny.edu/exhibits/death-president-roosevelt-april-12-1945/

4/12/1987 Ewan Clague died.
More Harry S. Truman Library & Museum: https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/oral-histories/clague

4/12/1994 The 1994 Trustees Report showed the date of the combined OASDI Trust Funds exhaustion as 2029. https://www.ssa.gov/oact/TRSUM/historical/1994.pdf

4/12/1998 Commissioner Apfel appointed Dr. Jane L. Ross as Deputy Commissioner for Policy. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/ssa2000chapter2.html
In Memoriam: https://www.nasi.org/discussion/in-memoriam-jane-ross/

4/12/2022 by this date, Executive Order 14058, "Transforming Customer Experience..." required SSA to provide OMB a report reforms to in-person appearance requirements. https://www.ssa.gov/budget/assets/materials/2023/FY23-JEAC.pdf

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC 

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4/11/1941 The Social Security Board was designated a defense agency. This allowed the organization to play a role in supporting the civilian population and contributing to the war effort, as well as the protection of Social Security benefits for workers going into military service.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/civilwar.html

4/11/1953 Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 significantly impacted the structure of the federal government, including the Social Security Administration (SSA). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-67/pdf/STATUTE-67-Pg631.pdf

4/11/1953 Mrs. Oveta Culp Hobby was sworn in as the Secretary of the new Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/hobby.html

4/11/1953 As part of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, William L. Mitchell, who was serving as Commissioner of Social Security, came under the supervision of the Secretary of HEW.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/mitchell.html

4/11/1974 Hugh McKenna receives the HEW Equal Employment Opportunity Achievement Award from Secretary Caspar Weinberger.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/hmckenna.html

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC 

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4/10/1880 Born on this day, Frances Perkins in Boston, Massachusetts.
https://www.nps.gov/people/frances-perkins.htm
You may also find interesting - https://social.vivaldi.net/@GuyC59/114127401772344549

4/10/1952 Senators Murray and Humphrey and Representatives Dingell and Celler, introduced bills embodying the beneficiaries idea.
More in this article by Nancy J. Altman president of Social Security Works and chair of the Strengthen Social Security coalition: https://www.commondreams.org/views/2019/03/05/political-family-has-been-fighting-social-security-and-medicare-all-1930s
Representative Dingell's Bio: https://history.house.gov/HistoricalHighlight/Detail/15032395644

4/10/1953 Arthur J. Altmeyer left the office as Commissioner for Social Security His position was abolished under Reorganization Plan No. 1. See Death By Preposition: https://www.ssa.gov/history/bioaja.html
More about Altmeyer: https://www.ssa.gov/history/collectalt.html:

4/10/1997 Acting Commissioner John J. Callahan announced that SSA will hire 150 former welfare recipients each year for four years as SSA's contribution to the President's welfare reform initiatives.
More: https://www.ssa.gov/history/callahan.html

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC 

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Amazing how little our political rhetoric has changed in the past 90 years. From the Congressional Record:
"What we will do, if we continue this course, will be to put a millstone around the necks of the children...." - Charles Risk was a congressman from Rhode Island, April 16, 1935. https://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/h416.pdf

4/9/1997 SSA announced that it was temporarily suspending its Online PEBES service. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/ssa2000chapter5.html

4/9/2002 Former Social Security Commissioner Dorcas Hardy, who served as Social Security's Commissioner from 1986 to 1989, was appointed by House Speaker Dennis Hastert to the Social Security Advisory Board. https://blog.ssa.gov/dorcas-r-hardy-social-securitys-first-female-commissioner/

4/9/2003 by a vote of 95 to 5, the Senate passed S. 476, the "CARE Act of 2003." https://www.ssa.gov/legislation/legis_bulletin_042103.html

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC 

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4/8/1935 The WPA created by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, established a Resettlement Administration and a National Youth Administration. https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/april-08/

4/8/1948 The 1947 Advisory Council on Social Security presented its first report.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/48advise3.html

4/8/1960 The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps Personnel Act of 1960 was approved. https://www.congress.gov/86/statute/STATUTE-74/STATUTE-74-Pg32.pdf

4/8/1960 The Second Circuit Court decided the case of Adams v. Flemming.
https://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/rulings/di/03/SSR64-47-di-03.html

4/8/1965 The House passed H. R. 6675, the Mills Bill.
https://acsc.lib.udel.edu/exhibits/show/legislation/item/196

4/8/1966 President Johnson announced he would seek higher Social Security benefits in 1967.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/lbjleg1.html

4/8/1966 President Johnson signed Public Law 89-384.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/lbjmedicare3.html

4/8/1997 Ida Merriam, long-time head of SSA's Office of Research & Statistics, died at age 92.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/idanasi.html

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC 

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4/7/1934 FDR signed Amendments to the Regulations, United. https://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/hr35waller.pdf

4/7/1960 S. 3350, introduced by Senator Javits called for Federal matching grants to the States for the cost of health insurance for persons aged 65 or over. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v23n11/v23n11p3.pdf

4/7/1986 President Reagan signed the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985. COBRA. https://www.usa.gov/cobra-health-insurance

4/7/1993 The 1993 Trustees Report showed Trust Funds exhaustion as 2036. https://www.ssa.gov/history//pdf/1993.pdf

4/7/1998 President Clinton participated in the first of the national forums on Social Security. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/ssa2000chapter3.html

4/7/2000 President Clinton signed the Senior Citizens' Freedom to Work Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-182). https://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html, C-SPAN https://www.c-span.org/video/?156468-1/senior-citizens-freedom-work-act-signing

4/7/2000 SSA launched its electronic Retirement Planner as part of its Internet services.

4/7/2008 SSA held its second public hearing on compassionate allowances. https://www.ssa.gov/compassionateallowances/cal_outreach_hearings.htm

4/7/2010 SSA released its Open Government plan. https://www.ssa.gov/open/materials/10-617OGP.pdf
 
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4/6/2011 Entertainment icons @georgetakei Takei and Patty Duke teamed up to tell Americans to Boldly Go to www.socialsecurity.gov.
More @YouTube https://youtu.be/-Dn3quUzaUM

Duke: "It's so easy, even Kirk could do it."

Takei: "Oh my!"
 
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“In its first report of January 29, 1936, the Field Organization Committee proposed at least one ‘district office’ per state, located in state capitals, with additional district offices based on workload … On April 6, 1937, the Board abandoned the concept of district and branch offices in favor of ‘field offices,’ all equally under the authority of the regional representative, but varying in size and staff according to ‘compensable load,’ presumably meaning the estimated number of covered workers. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v70n3/v70n3p27.html

4/6/1942 The US Supreme Court upheld the validity of the common control provision of Mississippi's unemployment compensation law. https://ballotpedia.org/Unemployment_insurance_in_Mississippi

4/6/2000 Social Security Commissioner Kenneth Apfel, and American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) National Union President Bobby Harnage, signed a new four-year collective bargaining contract.

4/6/2011 Entertainment icons @georgetakei and Patty Duke teamed up to tell Americans to Boldly Go to www.socialsecurity.gov. https://youtu.be/-Dn3quUzaUM
 
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4/5/1935 The US House of Representatives began debate on The Social Security Act of 1935.
More: https://www.ssa.gov/history/senate35.html

4/5/1944 The United States District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, held that money paid to a widow, after the death of her wage-earner husband pursuant to a back-pay award by the National Labor Relations Board entered after the wage earner's death, did not constitute wages as defined in the original Social Security Act because it was not remuneration for employment.
More on, Social Security and Vulnerable Groups—Policy Options to Aid Widows: https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R46182

4/5/1948, President Truman vetoed H.R. 5052, a bill to exclude vendors of newspapers and magazines from social security coverage.
More: https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v11n7/v11n7p3.pdf
 
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4/4/1935 The Social Security Bill was introduced in the House of Representatives with a report. This bill (H.R. 7260) replaced the Economic Security Bill. https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/35housereport.html

4/4/1939 Public hearings on the Social Security act amendments were conducted by the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. https://www.ssa.gov/history/1939amends.html

4/4/1944 The Foreign War Shipping Crews Exclusion Act was approved (P.L. 17, 78th Congress).
The Decision to Exclude Agricultural and Domestic Workers from the 1935 Social Security Act https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v70n4/v70n4p49.html and https://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/Downey%20PDFs/Social%20Security%20Amendments%20of%201939-46%20Vol%201.pdf

4/4/2012 the President signed S. 2038, the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 or Stock Act. https://www.ssa.gov/legislation/legis_bulletin_032312.html

4/4/2016 Social Security was awarded the ForeSee (acquired by Verint) Digital Excellence Award for our consistent eService excellence, high customer satisfaction scores, and for having the greatest improvement in score since the start of measurement. https://www.ssa.gov/agency/awards/#year2016
 
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4/3/1939 President Franklin Roosevelt approves the Reorganization Act of 1939. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/reorganization-act-1939 and The president's letter of transmittal to the Congress - https://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/fdr.pdf

4/3/1962 William L. Mitchell, who served as commissioner 1953 to 1962, retired. https://www.ssa.gov/history/mitchell.html

4/3/1962 The Senate confirmed the appointment of Robert M. Ball as the Commissioner of Social Security.
More: OASIS magazine profile of Ball https://www.ssa.gov/history/balloasis.html

4/3/1965 Canada enacted a pension plan which established a contributory system of earnings--related old age, disability and survivors insurance benefits. https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/trust/1995/

4/3/1995 The 1995 Trustees Report showed the date of the combined OASDI Trust Funds exhaustion as 2030, a gain of one year from the year before.
More: https://www.ssa.gov/history/trustchart.html and https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/trust/1995/

4/3/2000 SSA accelerated the start of the Special Veterans Benefits (SVB) claims-taking process. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/ssa2000chapter4.html
 
More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history/ & #SSAHistGWC 

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“This Nation should emerge from this war a richer nation not only materially but spiritually...“
From: “Social Security--Safety Net Or Feather Bed?” An Address by Arthur J. Altmeyer Chairman Social Security Board at the Commonwealth Club San Francisco, April 2, 1943. https://www.ssa.gov/history/aja443.html

4/2/1959 The Secretary of the HEW submitted to the House Ways and Means Committee the report on the study requested by the committee on alternative ways of providing insurance against the cost of hospital and nursing home care for old-age, survivors, and disability insurance beneficiaries.
More: https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v23n11/v23n11p3.pdf

4/2/1997 SSA announced new rules in the Federal Register that, effective immediately, eliminate the Annual Earnings Reports previously required from retirees under age 70 who are still working. SSA will now use information from the W-2 reports or tax records to track the earnings levels of working beneficiaries.
More: https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/sspus/oasdi.pdf
 
More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history/ & #SSAHistGWC 

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Lots happened on this day in Social Security history. For more, please visit: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/day-social-security-administration-history-april-1-guy-clinch/

4/1/1936 The Social Security Board moved into its own headquarters on 1712 G Street, Washington, D.C.
More on the Social Security Board: https://www.ssa.gov/history/boardmembers.html

4/1/1944 Pensions were authorized for all physically or mentally helpless children of deceased veterans. https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/sspus/veterans.pdf

4/1/1954 Robert M. Ball was appointed the Deputy Director of the Bureau of OASIhttps://www.ssa.gov/history/bobball.html

4/1/1960 The movement of personnel and equipment to the Woodlawn Building was completed. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/ssa2000chapter8.html

4/1/1969 SSA established a Task Force on Manpower Utilization headed up by Jack S. Futterman.
More about Jack Futterman: https://www.ssa.gov/history/futterman.html

4/1/1971 Richardson versus Perales, the Supreme Court upheld by a vote of 6-3, the Federal Government's and Social Security Administration's position on requirements of procedural due process. https://www.justice.gov/archives/jm/civil-resource-manual-93-social-security-act-review-procedures
 
More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history/ & #SSAHistGWC 

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Social Security History, Women's History Month Edition Five:

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In honor of Women's History Month, here is compilation of pioneering women in the history of the Social Security in America.

For more information and profiles of these and other notable individuals, please visit Social Security Pioneers: Women https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/social-security-pioneers-women-guy-clinch

Edition One https://www.linkedin.com/posts/guywclinch_socialsecurityat90-strongertogether-ssahistgwc-activity-7304145264494202881-jgP9/ featured an expanded profile of Frances Perkins, Labor Secretary during the Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration and the driving force behind many of the progressive reforms underpinning America's post war success.

Edition Two: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/guywclinch_socialsecurityat90-strongertogether-ssahistgwc-activity-7306659783049134080-91cU/

Edition Three: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/guywclinch_socialsecurityat90-strongertogether-ssahistgwc-activity-7308871625263771649-EQok/

Edition Four - Shirtwaist Factory Fire: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/guywclinch_socialsecurityat90-strongertogether-wearenotgoingback-activity-7310303274081923072-TrVe/

Edition Five:
Martha A. McSteen (1923 - 1983)
Margaret M. Heckler (1931 - 2018)
Donna E. Shalala (1941 - )
Jane L. Ross (1942 - 2024)
Dorcas R. Hardy (1946 - 2019)Gwendolyn S. King (1940- )
Shirley Sears Chater (1932 - )
Jo Anne B. Barnhart (1950 - )
Yvette S. Jackson

More Social Security history: https://www.ssa.gov/history & #SSAHistGWC 

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3/31/1904 Social Security Pioneer, Albert Henry Aronson. https://www.ssa.gov/history/aronson.html

3/31/1960 By a vote of 17 to 8 the Ways and Means Committee tabled the Forand proposal. https://www.ssa.gov/history/corningchap4.html

3/31/1966 This was the deadline for Social Security beneficiaries to enroll in the voluntary medical insurance program for coverage to start on July 1, 1966. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/lbjmedicare3.html

3/31/1966 President Johnson asked Congress to give prompt and sympathetic consideration to extending to May 31, 1966, the deadline for enrollment in the supplementary medical plan.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/lbjoper.html

3/31/1966 President Johnson signed S. 714, which provided a substantial increase in the amount which Federal credit union officials could borrow from their own credit unions. https://www.congress.gov/bill/90th-congress/senate-bill/714

3/31/1994 Proposal of the Disability Process Redesign workgroup released to Commissioner Chater. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1994-09-19/html/94-22491.htm

3/31/1995 SSA became an Independent Agency.
https://www.ssa.gov/history/independence.html

<more>
 
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3/30/1937 The United States Employment Service, agreed to act as a single agency in all matters affecting a State employment service.
More: (Bulletin, May 1948, “Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1948: Legislative History and Background,” by Gladys R. Friedman, Pg. 16) https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v11n5/v11n5p15.pdf

3/30/1990 Herbert R. Doggette, Jr., Deputy Commissioner for Operations, retired. https://www.ssa.gov/history/doggette.html

3/30/1997 Paul Barnes was named SSA's Deputy Commissioner for Human Resources.
More: Government Executive https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2002/01/social-security-administration-settles-race-discrimination-suit/10854/

3/30/1998 Commissioner Apfel announced an important organizational change. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/ssa2000chapter2.html

3/30/1999 The Trustees of the Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds released their 1999 Annual Report. https://www.ssa.gov/OACT/TR/TR99/tr99.pdf

3/30/2000 The Board of Trustees reported that the Social Security trust funds will remain solvent until 2037. https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssa/ssa2000chapter3.html
 
More Social Security history: https://lnkd.in/e7aYDjRe & #SSAHistGWC 

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3/29/1996 President Clinton signs H.R. 3136 into law, dramatically raising the earnings limits under the Social Security retirement test, and eliminating entitlement to Social Security or SSI disability benefits based solely on drug addiction or alcoholism. Contract With America Advancement Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-121), https://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html

3/29/2001 Larry G. Massanari, SSA's Regional Commissioner in the Philadelphia Region, was appointed by President Bush to serve as Acting Commissioner of Social Security.
More: https://www.ssa.gov/history/massanari.html

3/29/2011 After several years of increasing budget constraints, SSA suspended Statement mailings in order to conserve funds. Shortly thereafter, the agency established an online version of the Statement: https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v74n2/ssb-v74n2.pdf
 
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