Rupa jhana, meaning "form meditations," refers to four levels of Buddhist meditation focused on material or mental objects, distinct from the higher non-material arupa jhanas. The stages—pathama, dutiya, tatiya, and catuttha jhana—progress from directed thought and rapture to serene equanimity, freeing the mind from attachments, aversion, and doubt, thus empowering deeper understanding and liberation from suffering. AI generated. #unified #formjhana #equanimity #calmness