@astraluma
It depends on what, exactly, you want. time.localtime() will give you a value in the system's configured #timezone. time.gmtime() will give you #UTC. The difference between those will tell you the current local time's offset from UTC.
If you want the name of the configured timezone, on many Unix-type systems, you can read /etc/timezone to get it.
If you want more specific info about a timezone, you can add an external dependency which includes (or provides access to a system-provided) database of timezone info. This stuff changes often, and is decided politically rather than technically, so it's a moving target and the #Python #stdlib doesn't try to include it. `pytz` is one such package with a fairly complete database.
And you can easily override any of these in a test framework. Using unittest.mock.MagicMock(), for example, lets you override any of the above with whatever value you want those functions to return.