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Is there a good reference of scaling with more users/clients, servers, content exchange, network topology etc. What happens when everything and everywhere is connected?

Looking for a more or less rigorous *model* to compare and contrast with e.g., how and protocols scale (at least in theory) and put some mathematical meat behind the recent "message passing" vs "shared heap" discussions.

Have been looking for this with little success so time to

Doubt it. Everybody who tries will despair at the brokenness of the current design.

Open Risk

@helge isn't that all the more reason to pursue this? There are scarce resources and social / political capital spent on trying to develop a sane (not 100% centralized) online world. There are probably alternative viable realizations - which is fine - but it would be great (at least to my mind) to lay down the underlying constraints that are entirely intrinsic to the task of networking large numbers of online users.